Academic growth trajectories of ELLs in NAEP data: The case of fourth- and eighth-grade ELLs and non-ELLs on mathematics and reading tests     

Nihat Polat  Ashley Zarecky-Hodge  James B. Schreiber 《The Journal of educational research》2016,109(5):541-553

Utilizing the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) data, this study examined (1) how fourth and eighth-grade ELLs' mathematics and reading scores on national tests compared to their non-ELL peers' scores over the testing period between 2003 and 2011, and (2) if gender and ethnicity contributed to variation in the growth patterns among the student groups across grade levels and content areas. Since the NAEP data, which provides a national sample of 10,000–20,000 students, is collected using a probability sample design, sampling weights are adjusted so inferences can be appropriately made. Sample sizes within NAEP are large enough to generate adequate power for statistical significance. Thus, to display the data in a multivariate mode, Tableau 8.0.0 software was used. Results suggested that the achievement gap between non-ELLs and ELLs is either steady or slightly widening in both mathematics and reading, with multiple paths across the content areas, grade levels, and gender and ethnic groups.  相似文献   

‘Power,regulation and physically active identities’: the experiences of rural and regional living adolescent girls     

M. Casey  A. Mooney  J. Smyth  W. Payne 《Gender and education》2016,28(1):108-127

Drawing on interpretations of Foucault's techniques of power, we explored the discourses and power relations operative between groups of girls that appeared to influence their participation in Physical Education (PE) and outside of school in sport and physical activity (PA) in rural and regional communities. Interviews and focus groups were conducted in eight secondary schools with female students from Year 9 (n = 22) and 10 (n = 116). Dominant gendered and performance discourses were active in shaping girls’ construction of what it means to be active or ‘sporty’, and these identity positions were normalised and valued. The perceived and real threat of their peer's gaze as a form of surveillance acted to further perpetuate the power of performance discourses; whereby girls measured and (self) regulated their participation. Community settings were normalised as being exclusively for skilled performers and girls self-regulated their non-participation according to judgements made about their own physical abilities. These findings raise questions about the ways in which power relations, as forged in broader sociocultural and institutional discourse–power relations, can infiltrate the level of the PE classroom to regulate and normalise practices in relation to their, and others, PA participation.  相似文献   

Primary School Boys' Identity Formation and the Male Role Model: An exploration of sexual identity and gender identity in the UK through attachment theory     

Martin Ashley 《Sex education》2013,13(3):257-270

This paper questions the concept of feminisation which has been invoked by some commentators to explain the widely reported difficulties with boys. Its focus is upon primary schooling, and the point is made that a literature dominated by the consider ations of adolescence and secondary schooling has underestimated the degree to which younger boys are socialised into the norms of hegemonic masculinity. Attachment behaviour theory is used as the framework for analysis, and a detailed study of a primary school provides evidence for the central contention that peers, rather than teachers, are the main role models for boys. The discussion is therefore critical of the notion that an increased number of male teachers who will act as role models has any serious purchase in tackling the problems of boys' identity formation. The paper identifies a number of weaknesses in the conceptualisation of 'the problem with boys' and points out the degree to which homophobic and sexualised bullying is a largely unrecognised issue in primary schools. The conclusion is that such issues need to be tackled in the light of an understanding of the significance of peer attachments.  相似文献   

Computing as Educational Innovation: a model of distributed expertise     

Patrick J. Casey 《Technology, Pedagogy and Education》2013,22(1-2):13-23

ABSTRACT

The introduction of innovation to a school doesn't just happen. Often it is the work of an interested and dedicated teacher. Such teachers are often frustrated in their efforts to change the curriculum because they lack both the leadership skills necessary for substantial change and an understanding of how innovation effects and spreads in an organization. School principals, in their position as curriculum leaders, should play a crucial role in bringing innovation to the classroom. Many, however, play an encouraging but less active role, supporting teachers’ efforts to change the curriculum. While this type of leadership has been sufficient in the past, the introduction of computer technology as an integral part of the instructional program requires active leadership because of its multifaceted nature and intense budgetary requirements. This paper suggests a model of school administration wherein already overburdened school administrators can share leadership in a meaningful way with interested teachers. It also presents a model for the diffusion of innovation by such leadership teams. The paper argues that innovation does not just happen; meaningful change requires both strong leadership and deep understanding of the politics of innovation. This is particularly true for the introduction of computers to schools because of the magnitude of the change required.  相似文献   

An Exploration of Transportation and Psychological Reactance in Organ Donation PSAs     

Amber M. Reinhart  Ashley E. Anker 《Communication Research Reports》2013,30(4):274-284

The present study expands on prior work on the use of narratives in persuasive communication by examining students’ (N = 201) reactions to six organ donation public service announcements (PSAs). Reactions to the type of appeal, donor-focused or recipient-focused, were also explored. Results indicated that being immersed in the PSA was positively associated with message reactions and negatively associated with threats to overall freedom of choice when deciding whether or not to become an organ donor. Those perceived threats partially mediated the relationship between immersion into the story of the PSA and message reactions, such that increased threats were associated with reduced message reactions. Individuals exposed to the recipient-focused appeals were more interested in the narrative of the PSAs than those exposed to donor-focused appeals. Results are discussed in the context of future message and campaign development.  相似文献   

Sex in Adolescent Programming: A Content Analysis     

Nancy Signorielli  Ashley Bievenour 《Communication Research Reports》2013,30(4):304-313

ABSTRACT

This study examined the amount and types of sexual content in adolescent programs popular with tweens (teen scene; 8 to 11 years old) and young adolescents (12 to 15 years old). Adolescent programming, as a whole, does not have an excessive amount of sexual content, but young adolescent programs have significant numbers of specific sexual behaviors (kissing, hugging, intimate touching, sexual suggestiveness, homosexual references, and implied heterosexual intercourse). There are few messages about sexual risk and responsibility. Most main characters in young adolescent programs were sexually active and not virgins. Compared to U.S. teens, sexual activity on television is underrepresented on teen scene programs and overrepresented on young adolescent programs.  相似文献   

Media Preferences and Democracy: Refining the “Relative Entertainment Preference” Hypothesis     

Jason Rittenberg  Shanna Casey 《Mass Communication and Society》2013,16(6):921-942

This article extends the work of research connecting media choice and relative preferences for entertainment to voter turnout. Markus Prior found that individuals who both preferred entertaining content to news and had either cable or Internet access were less likely to vote than were other citizens. As an update to his work, this article uses more recent Pew Research Center for the People and the Press surveys to test alternative measures of entertainment preferences and to update the Internet access findings for the broadband age. As a theoretical extension, this article looks at turnout differences among those with even finer content preferences. Specifically, people who prefer hard news are compared to those choosing societal welfare news (e.g., crime, community, health). The results indicate that there is value in considering Relative Societal Welfare News Preference in addition to—or even instead of—entertainment preferences alone.  相似文献   

The Lita Guide To No- or Low-Cost Technology Tools For Libraries     

Ashley B. Crane 《Public Services Quarterly》2013,9(4):351-352

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How Does a Pre-Assessment of Off-Campus Students’ Information Literacy Affect the Effectiveness of Library Instruction?     

Lana Ivanitskaya  Susan DuFord  Monica Craig  Anne Marie Casey 《图书馆管理杂志》2013,53(3-4):509-525

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the impact that pre-tests have on the effectiveness of library instruction when students are given feedback on their pre-test performance. Librarians and academic faculty partnered to measure library instruction outcomes in two Master's degree classes. The Research Readiness Self-Assessment (RRSA) was used as a pre-test (before instruction) and a post-test (after instruction) in Class 1 and as a post-test only in Class 2. Students who completed both tests performed significantly better on a post-test, earning higher scores on obtaining information and overall information literacy. They reported greater library/research experience and less reliance on browsing. Compared to students who did not take a pre-test, students who received pre-test-based feedback had higher scores on library/research experience and lower scores on reliance on browsing. To enhance the effectiveness of library instruction, students can be given pre-test-based feedback that compares their actual and perceived literacy and encourages the use of library databases.  相似文献   

Literary and Film Interests in Assisted-Living Residences: A Midwestern Study     

Jeffrey Meyer  Ashley Worster 《The Reference Librarian》2013,54(3):196-204

This study discusses literary and film interests among library patrons in assisted-living residences in a small-town Midwestern context. The importance of library services for seniors is addressed. Popular genres and literary themes are discussed, and the concepts of “relational librarianship” and senior services librarian are advocated. This article attempts to identify popular literary and film genres among seniors living in care facilities for the purpose of enhancing library services for senior citizens.  相似文献